Golomyanka: the most amazing viviparous fish of Lake Baikal
The unique freshwater sea, which some scientists call Lake Baikal, hides many mysteries. One of them is the Baikal Mountains. The amazing fish loves cold water and carries in its body puppies. But not only this fact makes walnuts unique in the expanse of the Baikal, almost everything in the life of this fish is unusual and unique.
Content of the article:
- Name origin
- Where live holomianks
- Description and structure of the hollomank
- Lifestyle
- What is eaten holomyanka
- Reproduction in nature
- enemies of the void
- Interesting facts
- Conclusion
Name origin
Border is an ancient Russian word for the bottomless places of the lake and especially deep sections of the sea. It is believed to be derived from an even more ancient word not used today – it is a remote area of rivers and lakes where people have never settled. This word was recorded by Russian linguists at the turn of the 16th century and is found in documents of that time.
Academic P. A. Pallas, the first compiler of geographical maps of Lake Baikal, was engaged in the study of the animal world of the region and introduced the scientific name of this unique species of fish – Comephorus baikalensis or the large holomyan. They differ from other species not only in their small size:
Their small specimens are almost transparent, while the larger fish have a white body. This is because they have a lot of subcutaneous fat;
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- Big eyes;
Due to the high survival rate, only large heads can die at birth, smaller ones cope without losses;
Males rarely exceed 4% of the total.
The amazing fish loves great depth and scope, it does not swim, but overcomes the bottomless depths of Lake Lerik.
Where live naked
Endemic Baikal prefers cold water in the range of 0-8 0 c and falls asleep and dies in warmer layers.
Attention. Mountaineers do not form large herds or clusters and are not interested in fishing, but this species occupies an honorable first place in the food chain of the Baikal Nerve and Omula.
Surprisingly, but the fact: Baikal Goromiyanka is the largest part of the lake: it is the largest part of the lake.
The total number of adults and minors is more than 150,000;
Of the total biomass of fish in the Baikal, the presence of this species is 65%;
There is a complete replacement of adult individuals for breeding offspring.
Baikal Goromiyanka is known for all areas, where plankton lives, but there are no predators, for example, in small seas covered by sea ice in the Barguzhinsky Bay and Lake Baikal. This species of fish is not found. Who is hunting him?
Description and structure of the voicemail
The uniqueness of the Baikal fish is that only two of its species have been found. First, the body size reaches 25 cm in females and 16 cm in males, the latter – 15 cm and 12 cm respectively. The color of larger individuals is white and almost transparent, as the fish has no scales or other solid external features.
There are other features of the body structure of two types of hubs that inhabit Lake Baikal.
As a result of the almost complete absence of pigmentation, there are several points only on the back and near the tail fins;
The head occupies almost a third of the total length of the body. The open mouth is much larger than the lateral size of the fish;
The upper and lower jaws are covered with some hair that acts like teeth when capturing small plankton;
The thoracic fins are very large and open in the form of a fan, which allows the females of the small mountains to fence along the abyssal baicals, like small baicals;
- No abdominal fins, no air bubbles;
- The skeleton is very thin, so its weight is very small;
- Neutral buoyancy provides fat. It is much larger than other species of fish in Lake Baikal, and therefore the carcasses do not belong to it, but are on the surfaces used by seagulls.
The Baikal Mountain is in a layer of cold water, but does not swim and does not hold its body due to large breast threads.
It is important! The percentage of fat cells in this unique fish is different. The larger species is about 38.9% and only 4.6% is smaller.
The pectoral fins of the head of a small fish occupy 55% of the entire body, while that of a larger fish is only 38%. Therefore, large and small holomites mate in the aquatic environment differently.
Larger individuals mate due to the presence of fat, which is lighter than water;
Small – because of the large chest.
Below, these unique fish resemble strecocosis.
Lifestyle
These unique fish can hover deep in layers of cold water, so in summer they dive to depths of more than 1.5 km and become inaccessible to natural predators, which are the main enemies of these small fish. Baikal transparent fish are called hollow fish because they have no scales, but in fact the body is so fatty that larger individuals have a white color, while smaller female hollow fish have a transparent tail. You can read the book.
The lifestyle of the Baikal walnut is sedentary – it spends most of its life with its mouth open, instantly catching any plankton it encounters on the way, which is facilitated by its large eyes. The Baikal mountain range of all species during the day moves from 50-100 m to a depth of 1.6 km in search of plankton. Their quick response and constantly open mouths make this silent hunt a success. Fish also feed on their offspring. This is unlikely to affect the total number of this species in Lake Baikal.
The biomass of holomyanka compared to other species of Baikal fish is huge – about 200,000 tons or almost 50 billion individuals. The local population consumes it mostly only in dried form. It is especially appreciated as a unique medicine for wound healing and folk herbicide.
What does hollow eat
Fish is unique and, compared to other species of Baikal fish, is still little studied by ichthyologists, but it is well known that the basis of its diet are crustaceans and their own mixture.
For example, in summer in large heads, 96% of the diet is small crustaceans called episodes, their size does not exceed 1.5 mm, in winter this volume decreases to 10% and 65% is on the Malay golian, and in its offspring there are no large individuals.
In order not to miss the caught food, the Baikal golemenka has a jaw seal that acts as a sieve through which water passes, and plankton and cubs remain inside. A number of larger types have fewer such sticks and therefore filter only large objects. The hunt goes as follows. Individuals slowly embrace obstacles in the depths with their constantly open mouths, catching plankton or small relatives that appear nearby.
Reproduction in nature
The Baikal golmianka differs from other fish in the region in that it does not mosquito caviar, but feeds its offspring inside itself until the adult cubs can no longer feed on plankton themselves. Then comes the time of birth. Large females sometimes die there.
Fish of Lake Baikal managed to overcome their harsh nature and became a legend of this region.
Before releasing offspring from the mother’s womb, the female walnut rises from the depths of the Baikal to the level of a swarm of plankton and feeds only during the acclimatization of the young. Previously, ichthyologists believed that females die during childbirth, but subsequent studies have shown that mortality is present only in large Baikal mountain ranges.
